Melrose – the Chiefswood vent (neck/pipe of a volcano) erupted about 350 million years ago and produced lavas, pyroclastic flows and volcanic ash. Stone extracted from quarries in the vent rock (vent agglomerate) near Melrose have been used to construct some of the older buildings in Melrose, including the abbey. The close-up photo shows part of a pillar made of vent agglomerate with many small fragments of volcanic ash and pebbles.